Optimum Layout of Low Power LC-Based Digitally Controlled Oscillator for Bluetooth Low Energy in a 4G/5G LTE System

This paper presents an optimum layout method of a low-power, digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) transceiver in 4G/5G LTE system. For the optimal LC-based DCO layout, three different layouts, including gm cell locations and Al metal layer, were implemented, performance was compared verified BLE application. The implemented neck (NDCO), where is located main inductor, showed superior to other layouts terms low phase noise power consumption. designed NDCO had ?116.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz with 0.5 mW supply voltage oscillation frequency range 0.8 V 4.7–5.7 GHz, respectively, good figure-of-merit ?192.6 dBc/Hz.